Un modelo educativo para la clasificación de factores que afectan la
eficiencia de la reurbanización del entorno y la reubicación
de empresas industriales
An educational model for the classification of factors that affect the efficiency of the
redevelopment of the environment and the relocation of industrial companies
Azariy Lapidus
1a
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, Russia
1
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-5770
1
Recibido: 14 de setiembre de 2020 Aceptado: 15 de enero de 2021
Resumen
El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la jerarquía de factores fundamentales que determinan
la posibilidad de reubicación de empresas industriales para racionalizar la infraestructura urbana.
Mediante el análisis de la literatura científica y el método de evaluación de expertos, se ha
elaborado una lista de factores prioritarios que inciden en la posibilidad de reurbanización del
entorno urbano y la reubicación de una instalación industrial. El uso de la evaluación experta y
la escala Likert estableció relaciones causales entre factores, se ha desarrollado un modelo de
jerarquía de factores mediante el método gráfico, a partir de cuyos resultados se ha establecido
una estructura de factores de 5 niveles que inciden en la posibilidad de remodelación del entorno
urbano y reubicación de una instalación industrial. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser útiles
para estructuras empresariales, así como para organismos gubernamentales. Parece que una
consideración más completa de los siguientes factores no protegerá por completo los proyectos
para el redesarrollo de zonas industriales en las ciudades rusas de elegir los conceptos
incorrectos, no de la recuperación, el bajo interés de los turistas, sino que reducirá la probabilidad
de que no decisiones óptimas.
Palabras clave: redespliegue, empresas industriales, infraestructura urbana, remodelación,
reubicación, ciudad, racionalización.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the hierarchy of fundamental factors determining
the possibility of relocation of industrial enterprises in order to rationalize urban infrastructure.
By analyzing scientific literature and the method of expert assessments, a list of priority factors
has been formed that affect the possibility of redeveloping the urban environment and the
relocation of an industrial facility. The use of expert assessment and the Likert scale established
a
Correspondencia al autor:
E-mail: azariy.lapidus@yandex.ru
ISSN 2312-4253(impresa)
ISSN 2078-4015(en línea)
338
Apuntes Universitarios
, 2021: 11(
2
), abril-junio ISSN:
2304-0335 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17162/au.v11i2.651
apuntesuniversitarios.upeu.edu.pe
causal relationships between factors. A model of the hierarchy of factors has been developed
using the graph method, based on the results of which a 5-level structure of factors has been
established that affect the possibility of redeveloping the urban environment and relocation of
an industrial facility. The obtained results can be useful for business structures, as well as
government bodies. It seems that a fuller consideration of the following factors will not so much
completely protect projects for the redevelopment of industrial zones in Russian cities from
choosing the wrong concepts, not payback, low interest from tourists, but rather reduce the
likelihood of making completely non-optimal decisions.
Keywords: redeployment, industrial enterprises, urban infrastructure, redevelopment,
relocation, city, rationalization.
Introduction
Most cities in the Russian Federation found themselves at the junction of two industrial
revolutions - one is still driving outdated factories and factories from megacities, and the second
is already attracting new high-tech industries to the interior of the city by the availability of a
high-quality workforce and centers of competence (Auzan, 2017). The layering of these trends
in the development of urban infrastructure in modern conditions is the main threat to the
effectiveness of the implementation of the industrial policy of a modern metropolis and urban
infrastructure (Yanitsky, 2018). If we consider, for example, the European experience, then the
development of market relations led to an increase in the value of land plots in the center of
cities, which, in turn, displaced industrial enterprises to the outskirts and outside of megacities.
In Russia, with the development of market relations, the industrial sector retreated under the
pressure of the growth in the value of land plots, which was a natural regulator of the city's
development. In the conditions of the Soviet period, the very concept of "land value" did not
exist a priori (Aleskerov, 2019). The so-called industrial zones occupy thousands of hectares.
In most of them, production was stopped many years ago (Aleskerov, 2019). Chaotic
warehouses and landfills appeared on unused areas. They spoil the appearance of the capital,
use expensive land ineffectively, and worsen the ecological situation.
Incompatibility of industrial companies built over time in the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR) with today's requirements, significant technological progress, economic
reform, and transition to the market principles for evaluating efficiency imply the fact that their
target and functional purposes must be changed (Gokhberg, et al., 2020; Kosyakov & Guskov,
2019). However, technical conditions of many industrial buildings in the Russian Federation
allow them to be in operation for more than one decade. Most of these buildings are in
settlements. Therefore, development of cities led to a significant increase in their areas, as a
result of which industrial companies once built on the outskirts were within or even in the
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central parts of cities (Power, 2018; Lapidus, & Topchiy, 2019; Abid, Saeed, & Al-Beyaty,
2019).
Redeployment of production companies means that construction costs and provision of
new facilities within a city. Despite many industrial buildings that have lost their effectiveness
and relevance, as along with significant interest from investors in these facilities, the field of
construction redeployment remains poorly studied. Redeployment is the transfer of production
coefficients from one area of use to another. For example, an industrial building redeployment
is a change in its functional purposes to change the operational qualities, increase the
profitability of the facility, and consolidate this procedure legally in the relevant government
institutions (Magnusson, Berggren, 2018; Mäkitie, 2019).
When a construction company is engaged in the construction or redevelopment of
complex industrial facilities, then it separately analyzes all the factors affecting different parts
of the facilities (Lai et al., 2020; Lonati, Saponaro, Sezenna, 2019; Wang, 2019). This ensures
the smooth and efficient operation of the industrial facility construction company. The process
of sequential erection of construction objects is necessary in order to begin construction as soon
as possible and determine the priority objects. The most optimal option for the construction of
buildings is possible only thanks to clear planning and taking into account all building factors
(Lonati, Saponaro, Sezenna, 2019; Wang, 2019; Topchiy et al., 2019). Therefore, for any
industrial facility it is necessary to carry out preliminary calculations and analysis. This will
ensure an even distribution of construction work and the stability of their implementation.
However, to achieve and strengthen long-term competitiveness, companies are forced
to adjust their activities with an emphasis on the changing demands of the period. Since the
world is constantly changing, it is very important to respond to these changes expediently and
quickly. Consequently, it must be performed only in the presence of the clearly defined goals,
redeployment concept, and an understanding of each stage and the methods to be observed. This
is a relevant study because the model of the work performed during redeployment allows this
process to go as smoothly and efficiently as possible allowing the company to adapt to new
market conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to define and ascertain the entire system of factors
influencing the redevelopment of industrial buildings for the rationalization of urban
infrastructure. Within the framework of this study, the determining factors of the relocation of
industrial enterprises were identified in order to rationalize the urban infrastructure, and the
priority of their influence was established, which can contribute to the formation of an effective
strategy for the redevelopment of industrial territories with the rationalization of urban
infrastructure.
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Likewise, this work has a pedagogical approach, as it presents the theme of urbanization
of the environment as a working model in architecture and civil engineering so that future
students and experts in urban models can have a work that guides in this regard. That is the
educational function of this study.
Methods and materials
The methodological approach to assessing the feasibility of re-profiling the urban
environment is based on prioritizing the organizational and technical factors that affect the
possibility of re-profiling the urban environment by building a hierarchical model. To construct
a hierarchy model, the method of graphs was used, which makes it possible to structure factors
by levels based on the mutual influence and interdependencies between them. In order to
implement the method with a set of factors (Z), two subsets are distinguished: S(z
i
) is the
reachability subset and P(z
i
) is the subset of predecessor vertices. A z
j
vertex is called reachable
if there is a path in the graph that leads from the z
i
vertex to the z
j
vertex (
=1) (Kühn et al.,
2017):
(1)
where b
ij
is the assessment of reachability of the jth vertex through the ith vertex.
The z
i
vertex is the predecessor of the z
j
vertex if the second one reaches the apex of the
first one. Those vertices for which condition (2) is satisfied form the first (lowest) level of the
hierarchy. At the 2nd iteration, the objects that formed the 1st level of the hierarchy are
excluded. The analysis continues until all factors have been graded (Kühn et al., 2017).
P(z
i
) = S(z
i
) ∩ P(z
i
) (2)
For the other hand, because of the purpose of the study, an expert group was formed,
consisting of 50 experts - specialists from the Department of Urban Development Policy of the
city of Moscow, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, and the Federal
Agency for Tourism.
The proposed list of factors affecting the possibility of repurposing the urban
environment and relocating an industrial facility is based on (Magnusson, Berggren, 2018;
Mäkitie, 2019; Lai, et al., 2020; Lonati, Saponaro, Sezenna, 2019; Wang, 2019) and includes:
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F1 – the factor of the availability of natural resources; F2 – the factor of the availability of
labor resources and their cost; F3 – the factor of access to technology; F4 – the factor in the
development of science in the region; F5 – the climatic factor; F6 – the factor of investment
attractiveness of the region; F7 – the factor of the availability of sales markets; F8 – the factor
of competition; F9 – the factor in the development of production, engineering, transport,
economic infrastructure; F10 – the factor in the development of social, tourist infrastructure;
F11 – the factor in the development of information and communication technologies; F12 –
the factor of ecological compatibility of the region; F13 – the factor of historical and cultural
value of the region; F14 – the legislative factor; F15 – the neighborhood factor; F16 – the
topological factor; F17 – the personal factor.
The degree of representativeness of the factors F1-F17 was estimated by experts at
89.2% (223 out of 250 maximum possible points for the entire expert group), which indicates
the representativeness of the proposed list of factors that affect the possibility of repurposing
the urban environment and relocating an industrial facility.
Results
The scores set according to the results of the survey, which characterize the possibility
of the influence of one factor on another, are given in Table 1. The table shows the average
scores for the expert group. The given points characterize the degree of direct influence (on a
5-point Likert scale) of the ith factor on the jth.
Table 1.
Expert assessments of the interdependencies between factors affecting the possibility of
repurposing the urban environment and relocation of an industrial facility
ith
factor
jth factor
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
F10
F11
F12
F13
F14
F15
F16
F17
F1
-
1
1
1
1.2
4.3
2.7
2.9
4.2
3.8
1
2.9
1
1
1
1
1.1
F2
1
-
3.5
4.1
1
4.4
3.6
3.8
4.4
4
3.8
1
1
1
1
1
2.4
F3
1.2
1
-
4.3
1
4.2
3.5
3.8
4.6
4.2
4.4
1.4
1.2
1.3
1
1
1
F4
1
1.7
4.8
-
1
5
2.1
4
5
4.7
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
F5
5
2.7
1
1
-
3.6
1.7
3.7
4
4
2.7
4.1
3.7
3.7
1
4.4
1
F6
1
3.6
3.7
4
1
-
1
4
4
4
3.6
1
1
1
1
1
3.6
F7
1
3.9
3.6
3.5
1
4.1
-
5
5
4.4
4.3
1
1
1
1
1
1
F8
1
3.7
3.7
4
1
3.2
3.3
-
3.9
3.8
3.4
1
1
1
1
1
1
F9
1
3.6
4
4
1
5
3.9
5
-
4.1
3.6
1
1
1
1
1
1
F10
1
4
4
4
1
4.8
3.9
4.1
3.9
-
3.9
1
1
1
1
1
1
F11
1
3.6
3.9
3.8
1
4.3
3.2
3.8
4.6
3.7
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
F12
4.6
2.4
3.8
2.9
1
3.9
2.5
2.3
4
4.6
3.6
-
4.8
5
1
1
3.9
F13
4.6
2.6
3.6
3.7
1
2.8
2.2
2.6
3.8
4.2
2.5
5
-
5
1
1
3.9
F14
3.6
2.8
2.7
2.6
1
5
3.8
4.1
4.6
4.8
3.6
5
4
-
1
1
2.4
F15
2.3
3.6
3.2
3.4
1
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
3.9
1.2
2.1
1.1
-
1
3.6
F16
4.3
3.6
2.9
3
5
3.8
3.6
3.7
4.1
3.9
3
4.1
4.1
3.9
1
-
1
F17
1
3.5
1.2
1.2
1
1.3
1.7
2
1.1
1.1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
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The obtained results are interpreted as follows: estimates in the range of 1.00-1.80
indicate the absence of influence of the ith factor on the jth, 1.81-2.60 - about an insignificant
effect, 2.61-3.40 - about an average force of influence, 3.41-4.20 - high, 4.21- 5.00 is very high.
These levels are obtained by dividing the range of possible estimates [1; 5] at 5 equal intervals.
For the implementation of the next stage of the study - determination of the levels of the
hierarchy of factors, interconnections were used, the strength of which was assessed at a high
and very high level (≥3.41). The results of determining the levels of the hierarchy of factors
using formulas (1) - (2) are shown in Tables 2-6.
Table 2.
Levels of the hierarchy of factors that affect the possibility of repurposing the urban environment and
relocation of an industrial facility (1st iteration)
Fact
or
S(zi)
P(zi)
S(zi)∩P(zi)
Level
F1
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
F1, F5, F12, F13, F14, F16
F1
-
F2
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F3
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F4
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F5
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10,
F11, F12, F13, F14, F16, F17
F5
F5
1
F6
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F7
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F8
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F9
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F10
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F11
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F12
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11,
F12, F13, F14, F17
F5, F12, F13, F14, F16
F12, F13, F14
-
F13
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11,
F12, F13, F14, F17
F5, F12, F13, F14, F16
F12, F13, F14
-
F14
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11,
F12, F13, F14, F17
F5, F12, F13, F14, F16
F12, F13, F14
-
F15
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F15,
F17
F15
F15
1
F16
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11,
F12, F13, F14, F16, F17
F5, F16
F16
-
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
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The first level of the hierarchy was formed by the climatic factor and the factor of
neighborhood. These factors are independent of others, but affect them. In the course of the
2nd iteration, the indicated factors (climatic factor and proximity factor) were excluded from
the list of factors, and a similar procedure for determining the hierarchy levels was carried out
(Table 3).
Table 3
Levels of the hierarchy of factors that affect the possibility of repurposing the urban environment and
relocation of an industrial facility (2st iteration)
Factor
S(zi)
P(zi)
S(zi)∩P(zi)
Hierarchy
level
F1
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
F1, F12, F13, F14, F16
F1
-
F2
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F3
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F4
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F6
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F7
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F8
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F9
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F10
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F11
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
F12
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F12, F13,
F14, F17
F12, F13, F14, F16
F12, F13, F14
-
F13
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F12, F13,
F14, F17
F12, F13, F14, F16
F12, F13, F14
-
F14
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F12, F13,
F14, F17
F12, F13, F14, F16
F12, F13, F14
-
F16
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F12, F13,
F14, F16, F17
F16
F16
2
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F16,
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7,
F8, F9, F10, F11,
F17
-
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The topological factor (F16) formed the second level of the hierarchy. This factor
depends on the climatic and affects the implementation of factors of the availability of natural,
labor resources, the development of science in the region, the climatic, factor of the investment
attractiveness of the region, the presence of sales markets, competition, the development of
production, engineering, transport, economic, social, tourism infrastructure, information and
communication technologies, environmental friendliness of the region, the factor of the
historical and cultural value of the region, the legislative factor. The definition of factors of the
3rd level of the hierarchy is presented in Table 4.
Table 4
Levels of the hierarchy of factors that affect the possibility of repurposing the urban environment and
relocation of an industrial facility (3st iteration)
Factor
S(zi)
P(zi)
S(zi)∩P(zi)
Hierarchy
level
F1
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
F1, F12, F13, F14
F1
-
F2
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F3
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F4
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F6
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F7
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F8
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F9
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F10
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F11
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F12
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F12, F13,
F14, F17
F12, F13, F14
F12, F13, F14
3
F13
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F12, F13,
F14, F17
F12, F13, F14
F12, F13, F14
3
F14
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F12, F13,
F14, F17
F12, F13, F14
F12, F13, F14
3
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
At the 3rd level of the hierarchy, the factors of environmental friendliness of the region,
the historical and cultural value of the region, the legislative factor are highlighted. Table 5
shows the factors of the 4th level of the hierarchy.
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Table 5.
Levels of the hierarchy of factors that affect the possibility of repurposing the urban environment and
relocation of an industrial facility (4st iteration)
Factor
S(zi)
P(zi)
S(zi)∩P(zi)
Hierarchy
level
F1
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
F1
F1
4
F2
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F3
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F4
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F6
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F7
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F8
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F9
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F10
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F11
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F1, F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
-
At the 4th level of the hierarchy, the factor of the availability of natural resources is
highlighted. This factor affects the investment attractiveness of the region, the development of
production, engineering, transport, economic, social, and tourist infrastructure. Table 6 shows
the factors affecting the possibility of re-profiling the urban environment and relocation of an
industrial facility, which formed the 5th level of the hierarchy.
Table 6.
Levels of the hierarchy of factors that affect the possibility of repurposing the urban environment and
relocation of an industrial facility (5st iteration)
Factor
S(zi)
P(zi)
S(zi)∩P(zi)
Hierarchy
level
F2
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
5
F3
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
5
F4
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
5
F6
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
5
F7
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
5
F8
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
5
F9
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
5
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F10
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
5
F11
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
5
F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8, F9,
F10, F11, F17
F2, F3, F4, F6, F7, F8,
F9, F10, F11, F17
5
Based on the results of the 5th iteration, the factors that are the resultant in assessing the
possibility of re-profiling the urban environment and relocation of an industrial facility were
identified. This is the factor in the availability of labor resources and their cost; the factor of
access to technology; the factor in the development of science in the region; the factor of
investment attractiveness of the region; the factor of the availability of sales markets; the factor
of competition; the factor in the development of production, engineering, transport, economic
infrastructure; the factor in the development of social, tourist infrastructure; the factor in the
development of information and communication technologies; and the personal factor.
Discussion
Thus, within the framework of the conducted research, an econometric hierarchical
model was developed for the classification of factors affecting the possibility of re-profiling the
urban environment and relocation of an industrial facility, which is a tool for tactical planning
and monitoring of the activities of industrial facilities, as well as a tool for planning the
development of a region. The proposed model, in contrast to the existing results of earlier
studies (Lai et al., 2020; Wang, 2019; Ge, Qin, Li, 2018), is universal when deciding on the
possibility of repurposing the urban environment and relocating an industrial facility in Russia
to connection with the universal nature of the evaluated factors. Applicable to other countries,
it is possible to adjust the model taking into account the national legislation of other countries
and adapt the model to specific business conditions by changing the list of the most significant
factors.
The assessment made it possible to identify a 5-level structure of factors that affect the
possibility of re-profiling the urban environment and relocation of an industrial facility. The
highest level (5th level) of factors that reflect the influence of other factors and thus are the
resultant when deciding on the possibility of re-profiling the urban environment and relocation
of an industrial facility, is represented by such factors: the factor of the availability of labor
resources and their cost; the factor of access to technology; the factor in the development of
science in the region; the factor of investment attractiveness of the region; the factor of the
availability of sales markets; the factor of competition; the factor in the development of
production, engineering, transport, economic infrastructure; the factor in the development of
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social, tourist infrastructure; the factor in the development of information and communication
technologies; the personal factor. The hierarchical model utilizes the lack of fragmentariness of
previous studies (Lai et al., 2020; Wang, 2019; Ge, Qin, Li, 2018) in determining the factors of
repurposing the urban environment and redevelopment of industrial facilities, as it is based on
an integrated approach and allows to take into account prioritizing a wide range of underlying
factors.
It has been found that the organization of territorial and spatial distribution of the main
functional processes of the modern post-industrial settlement system (cities and
agglomerations) is multifactorial and complex in most cases. The modern urban structure (as a
special form of displaying the material and spatial environment) functions in the format of an
integral social and industrial complex and constitutes (together with engineering, transport,
landscape, and environmental frameworks) a single object of the urban design.
The most frequent phenomenon is the presence of such a town-planning situation that is
formed in some local part of the urban system conditions to ensure the state and/or sustainable
development of one dominant function (the corresponding territorial zone is characterized as
monofunctional) (Surya et al., 2019).
Moreover, it has been found that composition and hierarchy of the subordination of the
structural elements forming the industrial environment depended on the specific climatic, urban
planning, and large-scale technological features of industrial production and functional
relationships with the space of the urban environment. Therefore, industrial sites and zones
included in the urban structure could be considered as centers of gravity and urban elements of
a special composite value (composite centers and dominant) have been interconnected with
other functional areas (primarily residential environment) of the relevant spatial and
communications links (open spaces, road network, and utility networks).
Conclusion
The effective organization of the use of the territory of an urban environment, which is
suitable and accessible for building construction facilities for industrial purposes is an urgent
task for existing, new, and reconstructed industrial zones. The use of the urban environment to
place the production facilities has been directly related to the characteristics of a particular type
of industrial industry, the scale of the need for production activities, and the permissible level
of negative impact on the environment. However, requirements of developing some branches
of management (real economy of the industrial period) led to the necessity of formation of such
systems of resettlement, in which the structure and functioning of industrial zones have acquired
the importance of the main city-forming factor, to which the structure and functionally-
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territorial balance of the territory available for the building have been put in hierarchical
subordination.
In addition, a significant share of industrial zones in the balance of functional saturation
of the territory of the urban structure clearly indicated an obligation to include the industrial
zone in the composition and architectural planning decisions (on the organization of space and
connections with other functional zones) of a single and integral urban environment. This
circumstance has been equally relevant for reorganization and development of the existing
settlement system, as well as the development of new and accessible areas for urban
development.
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Revista de Investigación Apuntes Universitarios
2021: 11(2),338 - 351
ISSN 2312-4253(impresa)
ISSN 2078-4015(en línea)
351
